Element 6

Chunking Content

Element 10

Examining Similarities and Differences

Element 14

Generating and Defending Claims

Element 18

Revising Knowledge

Element 22

Organizing Students to Interact

Element 7

Processing Content

Element 11

Examining Errors in Reasoning

Element 15

Previewing

Element 19

Reflecting on Learning

Element 8

Recording and Representing Content

Element 12

Engaging Students in Cognitively Complex Tasks

Element 16

Highlighting Critical Information

Element 20

Purposeful Homework

Element 9

Structured Practice Sessions

Element 13

Providing Resources and Guidance

Element 17

Reviewing Content

Element 21

Elaborating on Information

“We do get engaged with something we are struggling with, but it can’t be struggle out of compliance. It’s got be struggle out of a sense of wonder or accomplishment.”

- Robert J. Marzano